The Meaning of Metabolism and Enzymes in your Diet
All organisms must synthesize macromolecules from simple molecules, and to establish links between them takes energy. This energy is achieved by breaking the internal chemical bonds other macromolecules, or food reserve substances. This involves a coordinated series of reactions which together are called metabolism.
Since the substances involved in these reactions are generally very stable, it would require a lot of energy to react with each other, because if not, the reaction rate would be zero or too slow. To accelerate the reaction in a laboratory one can raise the temperature or by adding a catalyst, ie a substance that increases the speed of reaction. In living organisms, an increase in temperature can cause death, so we opt for another possibility, ie biological catalysts contest or biocatalysts. Molecules that fulfill this role are the enzymes. Enzymes are globular proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions.
They are soluble in water and spread well in body fluids. They can act at the intracellular level, ie inside the cell where they are formed, or extracellular level in the area where they secrete. The enzymes, unlike non-biological catalysts, have high specificity, acting at room temperature and get an increased reaction rate of a million to one trillion times.
Enzymes can act in two ways: one, looking through strong bonds (covalent) to the substrate, so as to weaken their links and do not need much energy to break, and another way is by attracting the reactants toward the surface so increasing the likelihood of meeting so the reaction occurs regularly.
Enzymes, once they have completed the transformation of the substrate or substrates into products, they are quickly released to allow access to other important substrates.
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